John dodd



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JOHN DODD, OF OLDHAM, ENGLAND.

FLUTED OR GROOVED DRAWING-ROLL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 494,271, dated March 28, 1893. Application flledJanuary 23, 1892. Serial No. 418,978. (No model.) Patented in England September 28, 1889, No. 15.276.

To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN DODD, machinist, of the firm of Platt Brothers & Oo., Limited, of Hartford l/Vorks, Oldham, in the county of Lancaster, England, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin Fluted or Grooved Drawing-Rolls, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, dated September 28, 1889, and numbered 15,276,) of which the following is a specification. f

, In the accompanying drawings Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent sections of iiuted rollers drawn to an enlarged scale of about twice the actual size of the rollers, in order that the relative form, size and proportion of the iiutes or grooves and the teeth of the rollers may be more clearly represented.

The number of iiutes shown in the drawings is only about half the usual number. This is done to further enlarge the flutes or grooves and teeth, which are shown about four times their actual size, to enable them the more eectually to illustrate my invention. The actual sizes of the iiutes are very small, (a roller one inch in diameter in some cases having from fty-four to sixty-two flutes in its circumference,) and it would be impossible to correctly represent them in a drawing if drawn to their actual size.

The fiuted or grooved metal rollers used in machinery or apparatus for preparing and spinning fibrous materials, are well known devices for the drawing or elongation of those fibrous materials, and are technically known as drawing rollers.

Drawing rollers are of two kinds. In one kind the iiutes or grooves are formed on the surface of the roller with a uniform pitch, that is to say, in which the distance between the center of one flute and the center of the neXt flute, or the distance from the point of one tooth to the point of the next tooth, is equal in every part of the circumference of the roller. In the other kind of drawing rollers, the flutes are formed on the surface of the roller with a varying pitch, which is technic-ally known as eccentric tluting. The distance between the flutes is either constantly increasing or decreasing, as will be seen on referring to Fig. l. On one side of the roller, the pitch is greater than on the opposite side of the roller, that is to say, beginning with the least pitch at B (Fig. l), the distance between the flutes gradually increases to the part marked A, from which part, to the part marked B, the pitch decreases Vin the same manner, and in the same ratio as The particular mode of action in the operation of drawing or elongating fibrous materials both in preparing and spinning machinery, is well known, and need not be explained here, excepting in soyfar as to state that it is necessary, for the perfect action of the top rollers that their surfaces should be cylindrical, smooth and of'uniform diameter.

The teeth of the drawing rollers produce corresponding impressions or indentations on the -surface of the leather or parchment covered top rollers, and when the pitch or distance between the flutes or grooves is uniform (whatever may be the relative diameters of the top rollers and the drawing rollers) the teeth of the bottom roller in rotating, continually enter into the same or similar impressions or indentations, thereby producing what is technically known as a fluted top roller which necessitates the continual renewal of the covering of the top rollers, to enable them to do their work effectually. A similar effect is also produced with bottom rollers in which the pitch is Variable whether made in the ordinary way, or according to my invention, whenever the top and ybottom rollers are of the same diameter, be-

cause the angular velocity ot the two rollers being the same' the teeth of the bottom roller, in rotating continually enter the same inden.- tations or impressions on the leather or other covering of the top rollers, thus producing iiuted top rollers.

Drawing rollers known as eccentrically fluted rollers are formed with all the iiutes of a uniform width, and as the distance or pitch from one ute to another continually changes from the smallest pitch to the largest pitch, or vice versa, it follows that the ICO width of the tops ofthe teeth will beincreased or diminished to the same extent as' the pitch of the iutes is increased or diminished.

When the top roller is larger than the bottom drawing roller the impressions made by one revolution of the bottom roller on the leather or other surface of the top roller will operate only on so much of the circumference of the top roller as is equal to the entire circumference of the bottom roller, leaving a portion of the top roller7 without impressions. When the bottom roller in its second vor subsequent revolution, has turned sufficiently-to complete the first revolution of thetop roller,the pitch of the teeth of the bottom roller, which now begin to make asecond impression upon the top roller will be differentfroxn that of the teethwhich made the first impression `upon ythe top roller atthe first revolution.' Thus, the top roller in` stead of becoming iiute'd bythe teethof'the bottom roller constantly acting on the same part of the leather or other surface of the top roller, will continually receive impressions from a different part of the bottom roller s'ov that after a certain number of revolutions of the bottom roller every portion of thesurface of the top roller Will have received a passing,`

transitory or momentary impression from the n teeth' of the bottomv rollcr; the impressions made by one revolution ofthe bottom roller being so to speak, eifaced by succeeding`revo^ lutions,'leaving the 'surface of the top roller smooth and workable for a much longer period than would be'the case if the bottom rollers hadiiute's of a uniform pitch. Not-y withstanding the eccentric fiuting, it is'v found however in some cases that the top 'rollers become fluted. from the fact that the "ratio of variation in the pitch of the flutes ofthe bottom roller is'; so slight between one iiute and the adjoiningI flute, that the top roller (owing to the' fact that it is mounted loosely on its shaft, and isI driven by'contact) yields to the tendency of the teeth to enter into the impressionsl iirstl made onv it byu the bottom roller, a kind ofl slipping or'creeping action taking place, some- What as if two unequally pitched wheels were working together. The top rollery thus rel c'eives' an irregular motion, which once established soon causes it to become luted.

In the case of an ordinary eccentrically' Iiuted roller such as is shown in Fig. 1 the broad teeth of the coarsest pitched partA of the roller have less power of drawing than the fine teeth of the liner pitched part B of the roller and for this reason in some cases it is found necessary (in order to get rid of the blunt teeth of the coarse pitched part ofk the roller and to obtain the greatest drawing power) to employ rollers tinted with a uniformpitch, in which there is no variati'onin the drawing power, notwithstanding the ob'.l

jection that with such rollers the top rollers soon become tinted l p The object of my invention is to form the utes and teeth of drawing rollers so that In most of these cases it arises' while'mai-ntaining ahighl drawing pOwer'I am able to prevent the objectionable iiuting of the top rollers. t

Referring to the drawings, Fig. l shows a cross section of an ordinary drawing roller known as an eccentrically fluted roller. All the flutes or grooves ot are of thesame width and depth. The pitch of the flutes is greatest at A and least at B. Beginning with the greatest pitch at A the pitch is gradually decreased until attaining the least pitch at B thus making thev flutes of a variable pitch. This arrangement of roller forms no part of my invention and it isY only intended to illustrate the disadvantages my invention is intended to overcome. 's

According to my invention I divide rup ythe surface of each'iiuted roller'into'section's'or gdivisions or groups'in cachot which are fiutes sor'teeth or' ridges either of uniform or'vari- 'lable pitch or width butso arranged thatthe utes or' teeth or ridges 'in 'each section, divis` ion or group whether of uniform :or variable pitch for'each'division are different eitherfin :pitch or in variation of and in variation of pitchfrom the contiguous section,l division or group or sections,l divis- 'ions'or groups, and also so arranged that the division or group shall not be a continuation ofa variation o'f the pitchingacontiguous section, division or group. l.So longas the Iiutes or grooves in one section, divisionl or group are different'inpitch or variationfof pitch or both in pitch and in variation of pitchfromthose in the contiguous section,

groups which are not contiguousto be" alike inthe tlutesor grooves which theyjcontain. The sections, divisions orgroups may be equal or unequaland may be two v or more in num'- ber. There are two modes in which my invention may be carriedinto effect. vAccording vto the first of these modes Ifor'm the flutes or grooves around the roller into equal or nn- I also'cause theflutes" or: grooves'of each section or group other section or sections. According to the second of the said modes Iform theI tlute's'or grooves around the roller` into equal or'nn-y e'qualj sections yor groups the pitch of the fiutes or groovesin eachsecltionor group'be-- ging variable, that is, so arranged that the g pitch of such flutesor grooves commences iat one""pitch at one end ofy the sectionI or' VEgrou p and gradually increases and thenv gradu- `ally diminishes toward the other end of the tsection or group, or so yarranged that the pitch iof` the tintes or grooves in one section commences at one pitch and gradually diminishes' and then graduallyV increases, or so T arra'ngevd that the pitch of the'iiutes or grooves in one' section commences at one pitch at one end of pitch ofthe iiu'tes or groovesin anytsection,`

divisionl or group or sections,divisiois`por equal sections or groups" and Whilecausing the tintesl or" grooves of each section tolbe'of uniform pitch throughout such'section orv ,ent from that of the iiutes or grooves of the ICO the section and increases to the other end of the section where it joins up to the next section, which is formed in a similar manner. Thus the coarsest pitch of one section is coutiguous to the finest pitch of the adjoining section. The pitches of the flutes or groovesin each of the contiguous sections or groups will be different and the difference may be made more or less but the variation of pitch of the flutes or grooves in one section or group must not be a continuation or a reversal of a variation in a contiguous section, division or group.

By employing rollers having the flutes or grooves therein formed as above described I in so far as it is practicable to do so, avoid the cutting or formation of grooves or ridges in or upon the leatherparchment or other covering upon the rollers used in conjunction with such rollers.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a drawing roller made according to my invention and divided into four equal sections by the radial lines V. W. X. Y. the section inclosed by the radial lines V. W. having nine teeth, the section inclosed by the lines W. X. having seven teeth, the section inclosed by the lines X. Y. having six teeth, and the sect-ion inclosed by the lines Y. V. having eight teeth. The flutes a. in each section are of uniform pitch, but the pitch of the flutes in each of the sections differs .from those of the flutes in the other sections.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section of a drawing roller divided into four unequal sections by the radial lines (R. S. T. U.) the section inclosed by the radial lines (R. S.) having seven teeth, the section inclosed by the lines (S. T.) having six teeth, the section inclosed by the lines (T. U.) having eight teeth, and the section inclosed by the lines (U. R.) having nine teeth. The flutes in each separate section are of a uniform pitch. The pitch of the flutes in each of the aforesaid sections differs from that of the flutes in the other sections.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section of a drawing roller divided into five unequal sections by the radial lines (I. J. K. L. M.). Each of these sections has six teeth. Therefore the pitch of the flutes in each separate section differs from the pitches of the flutes in the other sections. In this case the flutes in each separate section are of avariable pitch, that is to say not uniform; thus in section (I. J.) the pitch of the ilutes beginning at the least pitch g is graduallyincreased until it attains the greatest pitch at h. The pitch is then gradually decreased until it attains the least pitch at g.

In each of the sections shown in Fig. 4 the pitch of the flutes and also the variation of thepitch of the flutes differ from the pitches of the flutes and the variations in the pitch of the flutes of the other section. The description of the variation in the pitch of the section (I. J.) will suffice if the other letters be substituted to describe a similar kind of variation in. each 0f the other sections.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section of a drawing roller divided into four equal sections by the radial lines (E. F. G. H.) the section inclosed by the radial lines (E. F.) having nine teeth, the section inclosed by the lines (F. G.) having seven teeth, the section inclosed by the lines (G. H.) having six teeth, and the section inclosed by the lines (H. E.) having eight teeth. The flutes in each separate section are of a variable pitch; thus in the section (E. F.) the pitch of the flutes beginning at the least pitch k is gradually increased until it attains the greatest pitch at j. The pitch is then gradually decreased until it attains the least pitch at Zr. v /v In each of the sections shown in Fig. 5 the pitch of the tintes and also the variation in the pitch of the flutes differs from the pitch of the flutes andv the variations in the pitch of the flutes of the other section. The description of the variation in the pitch of the section (E. F.) will suffice if the other letters be substituted to describe a similar kind of variation in each of the other sections.

By employing my invention I am enabled to make more advantageous variations in the pitch of the flutesand teeth and thus reduce the tendency of the teeth to re-enter the impressions rstmade upon the surface of the top roller by the bottom roller and prevent the slipping or creeping action previously referred to.

The division of the drawing rollers into sections, having tlutes and teeth of different .-pitchos causes impressions of such a varying character to be made on the top roller (while retaining the efficient drawing power of the roller) that the impressions of theteeth of the bottom roller are prevented from injuriously forming indentations in the circumference of the top roller.

I would have it understood that the arrangements hereinbefore shown and described in reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5 may in some cases be varied. For instance, the number of sections into which the roller is divided may be varied without departure from my invention. The arrangements illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 will probably be found more generally advantageous than the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

In the accompanying drawings I have in every case shown the sections, divisions, or groups into which I divide the flutes or grooves of a roller constructed according to my invention as being each of a different. pitch which is the form to be preferred. I would nevertheless have it understood that in somecases I may cause two or more sections, divisions or groups which are not contiguous to be formed with teeth of a similarv pitch.

Having fully described'my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent. is- Y l. A grooved or fluted drawing roller lthe circumference of which is divided into sec- IOO IIO

tions or groups of flutes or grooves, and the flutes or grooves of one of which sections or groups are of different pitch from those of the other of said sections or groups, substantially as herein set forth.

2. A grooved or fluted drawing roller the circumference of which is divided into sections or groups of flutes or grooves and the tintes or grooves of certain of which sections or groups are of a different pitch from those of the adjacent section or group, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

3. A grooved or iiuted drawing roller the circumference of which is divided into sec tions or groups of tintes or grooves the flutes or grooves in each of said sections or groups 18 Sdz'nl Anns Street, lllanchesler, England. v

T. R. MARSDEN, Hartford Works, Oldham, England. 

